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食道癌取扱い規約 （英語版） 第10版 Japanese Classification of Esophageal Cancer
(Preface)
The Japanese Society for Esophageal Diseases (JSED) was founded by Professor Komei Nakayama (1910-2005) of Tokyo Women's Medical College (now Tokyo Women's Medical University) and his colleagues in 1965 to gain a deeper understanding of esophageal diseases and improve the prognosis of esophageal malignancies. The scientific meeting of the JSED has been held usually twice a year for the last 38 years. In 2003, the JSED changed its name and organization to the Japan Esophageal Society (JES). Scientific meetings of the JES are held annually for 2 days. The JES has 2500 members, of whom about 1000 usually participate in each annual meeting. The Society publishes an official quarterly English-language journal, Esophagus. Based on discussions at the JES scientific meetings, definitions of early and superficial carcinomas, the esophagogastric junction, and subclassification of the depth of superficial carcinoma have been decided. The first edition of the Guidelines for Clinical and Pathologic Studies on Carcinoma of the Esophagus (Guidelines) was published in 1969. In 2001, the 9th Japanese edition was translated into English and published for the first time. The Japanese 10th edition was published in 2007 under the guidance of Professor Hiroyasu Makuuchi, the acting president at the 61st Annual Meeting of the JES. The present second English version -Japanese Classification of Esophageal Cancer- (Japanese Classification）is a translation of the Japanese 10th edition.
For about 40 years, the presentations and discussions on esophageal diseases at the meetings of the JSED and JED have always been based on the common rules stipulated in the Guidelines, including stage, tumor type and histological classification, and other criteria of esophageal carcinoma, and these are now the standard criteria used among Japanese hospitals. On the basis of the Guidelines, the Comprehensive Registry was started in 1988, and in 2004 this was made available on the website of the Japan Esophageal Society (http://www.esophagus.jp/). All descriptions in the Comprehensive Registry were recorded on the basis of the Guidelines. The activities of the JES contribute to the well-being of patients with esophageal diseases.
The Japanese Society for Esophageal Diseases (JSED) was founded by Professor Komei Nakayama (1910-2005) of Tokyo Women's Medical College (now Tokyo Women's Medical University) and his colleagues in 1965 to gain a deeper understanding of esophageal diseases and improve the prognosis of esophageal malignancies. The scientific meeting of the JSED has been held usually twice a year for the last 38 years. In 2003, the JSED changed its name and organization to the Japan Esophageal Society (JES). Scientific meetings of the JES are held annually for 2 days. The JES has 2500 members, of whom about 1000 usually participate in each annual meeting. The Society publishes an official quarterly English-language journal, Esophagus. Based on discussions at the JES scientific meetings, definitions of early and superficial carcinomas, the esophagogastric junction, and subclassification of the depth of superficial carcinoma have been decided. The first edition of the Guidelines for Clinical and Pathologic Studies on Carcinoma of the Esophagus (Guidelines) was published in 1969. In 2001, the 9th Japanese edition was translated into English and published for the first time. The Japanese 10th edition was published in 2007 under the guidance of Professor Hiroyasu Makuuchi, the acting president at the 61st Annual Meeting of the JES. The present second English version -Japanese Classification of Esophageal Cancer- (Japanese Classification）is a translation of the Japanese 10th edition.
For about 40 years, the presentations and discussions on esophageal diseases at the meetings of the JSED and JED have always been based on the common rules stipulated in the Guidelines, including stage, tumor type and histological classification, and other criteria of esophageal carcinoma, and these are now the standard criteria used among Japanese hospitals. On the basis of the Guidelines, the Comprehensive Registry was started in 1988, and in 2004 this was made available on the website of the Japan Esophageal Society (http://www.esophagus.jp/). All descriptions in the Comprehensive Registry were recorded on the basis of the Guidelines. The activities of the JES contribute to the well-being of patients with esophageal diseases.
Preface
General Principles of this Edition
Abbreviations
Part I General Rules
1. Purpose, Object, and Methods of Descriptions
1.1. Purpose
1.2. Object
1.3. Methods of Descriptions
1.3.1. Principles of Descriptions and Abbreviations
2. Clinical Aspects
2.1. Description of Primary Tumor
2.1.1. Number of Primary Tumors, Size and Circumferential Location
2.1.2. Tumor Location
2.1.2.1. Anatomical Definition of the Esophagus
2.1.2.2. Anatomical Regions (Subsites) of the Esophagus
2.1.2.3. Principles of Description of Tumor Location
2.1.3. Macroscopic Tumor Type
2.1.3.1. Principles of Tumor Type Classification
2.1.3.2. Macroscopic Classification
2.1.3.3. Subclassification of Superficial Type (type 0)
2.1.4. Depth of Tumor Invasion (T)
2.2. Metastatic Lesions from Esophageal Cancer
2.2.1. Lymph Node Metastasis
2.2.1.1. Naming and Numbers of Lymph Node Stations
2.2.1.2. Lymph Node Groups
2.2.1.3. Grading of Lymph Node Metastasis (N)
2.2.2. Distant Organ Metastasis (M)
2.3. Stage
2.4. Multiple Primary Cancers
3. Surgical Aspects
3.1. Handling of the Resected Specimen
3.2. Description of Surgical Findings and Macroscopic Findings of Primary Tumor
3.2.1. Tumor Size
3.2.2. Distance from the Surgical Margin to the Tumor
3.2.3. Macroscopic Tumor Type
3.2.4. Surgical Margin
3.2.4.1. PM: Proximal (Oral) Margin
3.2.4.2. DM: Distal (Anal) Margin
3.2.5. RM: Radial Margin
3.3. Intramural Metastasis and Multiple Cancers of the Esophagus
3.3.1. IM: Intramural Metastasis
3.3.2. Multiple Cancers of the Esophagus
3.4. Lymph Nodes
3.4.1. Preparation of Resected Lymph Nodes for Pathological Examination
3.4.2. Grading of Lymph Node Metastasis (N)
3.4.3. Lymph Node Dissection (D)
3.4.3.1. Field of Lymph Node Dissection
3.4.3.2. Extent of Lymph Node Dissection (D)
3.5. Distant Organ Metastasis (M)
3.6. Residual Tumor (R)
3.7. Curativity (Cur)
4. Pathological Findings
4.1. Handling of the Surgically Resected Specimens
4.2. Description of Pathological Findings
4.2.1. Histological Classification
4.2.1.1. Benign Epithelial Neoplasms
4.2.1.2. Intraepithelial Neoplasias
4.2.1.3. Malignant Epithelial Neoplasms
4.2.1.4. Non-epithelial Tumors
4.2.1.5. Lymphoid Tumors
4.2.1.6. Other Malignant Tumors
4.2.1.7. Tumor-like Lesions
4.2.2. Depth of Tumor Invasion (pT)
4.2.3. Infiltrative Growth Pattern (INF)
4.2.4. Vascular Invasion (ly／v)
4.2.4.1. Lymphatic Invasion (ly)
4.2.4.2. Venous Invasion (v)
4.2.5. Intramural Metastasis (pIM)
4.2.6. Distance from Surgical Margin
4.2.6.1. Proximal and Distal Margin (pPM, pDM)
4.2.6.2. Radial Margin (pRM)
4.2.7. Multiple Primary Cancers
4.2.8. Others
4.2.9. Pathological Criteria for the Effects of Radiation and／or Chemotherapy
4.3. Lymph Node Metastasis (pN)
4.4. Distant Organ Metastasis (pM)
4.5. Residual Tumor (pR)
4.6. Curativity (pCur)
5. Endoscopic Treatment
5.1. Handling of Specimens Resected Endoscopically
5.2. Macroscopic Findings
5.2.1. Clinical Assessment of the Residual Tumor (R)
5.3. Preparation for Pathological Examination
5.4. Description of Pathological Findings
5.4.1. Pathological Diagnosis
5.4.2. Depth of Tumor Invasion (T)
5.4.3. Resection Margin
5.4.3.1. Horizontal Margin (HM)
5.4.3.2. Vertical Margin (VM)
5.4.3.3. Non-assessable Resection Margin (pRX)
5.4.4. Infiltrative Growth Pattern (INF)
5.4.5. Vascular Invasion (ly／v)
5.4.5.1. Lymphatic Invasion (ly)
5.4.5.2. Venous Invasion (v)
5.4.6. Report of Pathological Findings
5.5. Curativity (Cur)
5.6. Comprehensive Evaluation of Curativity
6. Barrett Esophagus and Adenocarcinoma in Barrett Esophagus
6.1. Definition and Methods of Description for Barrett Mucosa, Barrett Esophagus and Adenocarcinoma in Barrett Esophagus
6.1.1. Definition of the Esophagogastric Junction (EGJ)
6.1.2. Diagnosis of the Esophagogastric Junction (EGJ)
6.1.3. Barrett Mucosa
6.1.4. Barrett Esophagus
6.1.5. Adenocarcinoma in Barrett Esophagus
6.2. Tumor Location
6.3. Description of Tumors
6.3.1. Primary Tumor
6.3.1.1. Circumferential Location
6.3.1.2. Tumor Size
6.3.1.3. Macroscopic Tumor Types
6.3.1.4. Depth of Tumor Invasion (T)
6.3.2. Intramural Metastasis (IM)
6.3.3. Lymph Node Metastasis (N)
6.3.4. Distant Organ Metastasis (M)
6.4. Stage
7. Treatment
7.1. Endoscopic Treatment
7.1.1. Endoscopic Resection (ER)
7.1.1.1. Endoscopic Mucosal Resection (EMR)
7.1.1.2. Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection (ESD)
7.1.2. Other Endoscopic Treatments
7.1.2.1. Argon Plasma Coagulation (APC)
7.1.2.2. Laser Therapy (Laser)
7.1.2.3. Photodynamic Therapy (PDT)
7.1.2.4. Microwave Coagulation Therapy (MCT)
7.1.2.5. Others
7.2. Surgical Treatments
7.2.1. Resection and Reconstruction Procedures
7.2.1.1. Staged Operations
7.2.1.2. Surgery with Multi-modality Treatments
7.2.1.3. Approaches for Tumor Resection
7.2.1.4. Extent of Esophageal Resection
7.2.1.5. Combined Resection
7.2.1.6. Reconstruction
7.2.1.6.1. Reconstruction Routes
7.2.1.6.2. Sites of Anastomosis
7.2.1.6.3. Organs used for Reconstruction
7.2.2. Conservative／Palliative Procedures
7.2.2.1. Stoma
7.2.2.2. Bypass
7.2.2.3. Exploratory Thoracotomy, Exploratory Laparotomy
7.2.2.4. Others
7.3. Stenting
7.3.1. Esophageal Stents
7.3.2. Tracheobronchial Stents
7.3.3. Aortic Stents
7.4. Common Issues for Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy
7.4.1. Disease Status
7.4.2. Aim of Treatment
7.4.3. Reasons for Definitive Radiotherapy
7.5. Radiotherapy (RT)
7.5.1. Initial Clinical Target Volume (CTV)
7.5.2. Methods of Radiotherapy
7.5.3. External Beam Radiotherapy
7.5.3.1. Planning Methods
7.5.3.2. Field Setting
7.5.3.3. Reference Points
7.5.3.4. Dose Calculation
7.5.3.5. Dose Fractionation of External Beam Radiotherapy
7.5.4. Intraluminal Irradiation
7.5.4.1. Reference Points
7.5.4.2. Dose Fractionation of Intraluminal Irradiation
7.5.5. Completion of Treatment
7.6. Chemotherapy (CT)
7.6.1. Agents
7.6.2. Administration Routes
7.6.3. Administration Procedures
7.6.4. Administration Doses
7.6.5. Administration Schedules
7.6.6. Duration of Administration
7.6.7. Total Administration Dose
7.6.8. Reasons for Treatment Cessation
7.6.9. Adverse Events
7.7. Multi-modality Treatment
7.7.1. Combination of Surgery with Chemotherapy and／or Radiotherapy
7.7.2. Chemoradiotherapy (CRT)
7.8. Thermotherapy (TT)
7.9. Immunotherapy (IT)
8. Results of Treatment
8.1. Total Number of Patients
8.2. Multiple Primary Cancers
8.3. Main Treatment and Adjuvant Therapy
8.4. Total Number of Patients Treated, and Number and Ratio of Patients Treated with Each Procedure
8.4.1. Patients Operated
8.4.2. Patients with Endoscopic Treatment
8.4.3. Patients with Chemotherapy and／or Radiotherapy
8.5. Operative Mortality
8.6. Hospital Mortality
8.7. Long-term Outcome
8.7.1. Alive or Dead
8.7.2. Recurrence
8.8. Long-term Outcomes and Prognosis, especially Survival Rate
8.8.1. Analysis of Survival Rates
8.8.2. Period and Rate of Esophageal Preservation
8.9. Terminology related to Survival Period
8.9.1. Survival Time
8.9.2. Overall Survival (OS)
8.9.3. Median Survival Time (MST)
8.9.4. Survival Rate
8.9.5. Progression-free Survival (PFS), Time to Progression (TTP)
8.9.6. Relapse-free Survival (RFS), Recurrence-free Survival (RFS)
8.9.7. Disease-free Survival (DFS)
8.9.8. Time to Treatment Failure (TTF)
8.9.9. Response Duration
8.9.10. Complete Response Duration
Part II Explanations
2.1.2. Tumor Location
2.1.3. Macroscopic Tumor Type
2.1.3.2. Macroscopic Classification
2.1.3.3. Subclassification of Superficial Type
2.2. Metastatic Lesions from Esophageal Cancer
2.2.1. Lymph Node Metastasis
2.2.1.1. Naming and Numbers of Lymph Node Stations
2.2.1.2. Lymph Node Groups
2.4. Multiple Primary Cancers
3.4.3. Lymph Node Dissection
3.4.3.1. Field of Lymph Node Dissection
3.4.3.2. Extent of Lymph Node Dissection (D)
3.7. Curativity (Cur)
4.2.1. Histological Classification
4.2.1.1. Benign Epithelial Neoplasms
4.2.1.2. Intraepithelial Neoplasias
4.2.1.3. Malignant Epithelial Neoplasms
4.2.1.4. Non-epithelial Tumors
4.2.1.5. Lymphoid Tumors
4.2.1.6. Other Malignant Tumors
4.2.2. Depth of Tumor Invasion (pT)
4.2.9. Pathological Criteria for the Effects of Radiation and／or Chemotherapy
4.3. Lymph Node Metastasis (pN)
5.5. Curativity (Cur)
6. Barrett Esophagus, and Adenocarcinoma in Barrett Esophagus
6.1.4. Barrett esophagus
6.1.4.1. Macroscopic Findings
6.1.4.2. Pathological Findings
6.1.5. Adenocarcinoma in Barrett Esophagus
8.8. Long-term Outcomes and Prognosis, especially Survival Rate
8.8.1. Analysis of Survival Rates
Figures of Pathological Findings
Part III Response Evaluation Criteria in Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy for Esophageal Cancer Introduction
1. Subjects
1.1. Classification of Tumor Lesions
1.1.1. Measurable Lesions
1.1.2. Non-measurable Lesions
1.1.3. Target Lesions
1.1.4. Non-target Lesions
2. Methods for Response Evaluation
3. Response Evaluation Criteria for Target Lesions
3.1. Complete Response (CR)
3.2. Partial Response (PR)
3.3. Progressive Disease (PD)
3.4. Stable Disease (SD)
4. Response Evaluation Criteria for Non-target Lesion
4.1. Complete Response (CR)
4.2. Incomplete Response／Stable Disease (IR／SD)
4.3. Progressive Disease (PD)
5. Response Evaluation Criteria for Primary Lesion using Endoscopy
5.1. Complete Response of Primary Lesion (primary lesion CR)
5.2. Incomplete Response／Stable Disease of Primary Lesion (primary lesion IR／SD)
5.3. Progressive Disease of Primary Lesion (primary lesion PD)
6. Overall Response
7. Best Overall Response and Confirmation
7.1. Complete Response (CR)
7.2. Partial Response (PR)
7.3. Stable Disease (SD)
7.4. Progressive Disease (PD)
Index
General Principles of this Edition
Abbreviations
Part I General Rules
1. Purpose, Object, and Methods of Descriptions
1.1. Purpose
1.2. Object
1.3. Methods of Descriptions
1.3.1. Principles of Descriptions and Abbreviations
2. Clinical Aspects
2.1. Description of Primary Tumor
2.1.1. Number of Primary Tumors, Size and Circumferential Location
2.1.2. Tumor Location
2.1.2.1. Anatomical Definition of the Esophagus
2.1.2.2. Anatomical Regions (Subsites) of the Esophagus
2.1.2.3. Principles of Description of Tumor Location
2.1.3. Macroscopic Tumor Type
2.1.3.1. Principles of Tumor Type Classification
2.1.3.2. Macroscopic Classification
2.1.3.3. Subclassification of Superficial Type (type 0)
2.1.4. Depth of Tumor Invasion (T)
2.2. Metastatic Lesions from Esophageal Cancer
2.2.1. Lymph Node Metastasis
2.2.1.1. Naming and Numbers of Lymph Node Stations
2.2.1.2. Lymph Node Groups
2.2.1.3. Grading of Lymph Node Metastasis (N)
2.2.2. Distant Organ Metastasis (M)
2.3. Stage
2.4. Multiple Primary Cancers
3. Surgical Aspects
3.1. Handling of the Resected Specimen
3.2. Description of Surgical Findings and Macroscopic Findings of Primary Tumor
3.2.1. Tumor Size
3.2.2. Distance from the Surgical Margin to the Tumor
3.2.3. Macroscopic Tumor Type
3.2.4. Surgical Margin
3.2.4.1. PM: Proximal (Oral) Margin
3.2.4.2. DM: Distal (Anal) Margin
3.2.5. RM: Radial Margin
3.3. Intramural Metastasis and Multiple Cancers of the Esophagus
3.3.1. IM: Intramural Metastasis
3.3.2. Multiple Cancers of the Esophagus
3.4. Lymph Nodes
3.4.1. Preparation of Resected Lymph Nodes for Pathological Examination
3.4.2. Grading of Lymph Node Metastasis (N)
3.4.3. Lymph Node Dissection (D)
3.4.3.1. Field of Lymph Node Dissection
3.4.3.2. Extent of Lymph Node Dissection (D)
3.5. Distant Organ Metastasis (M)
3.6. Residual Tumor (R)
3.7. Curativity (Cur)
4. Pathological Findings
4.1. Handling of the Surgically Resected Specimens
4.2. Description of Pathological Findings
4.2.1. Histological Classification
4.2.1.1. Benign Epithelial Neoplasms
4.2.1.2. Intraepithelial Neoplasias
4.2.1.3. Malignant Epithelial Neoplasms
4.2.1.4. Non-epithelial Tumors
4.2.1.5. Lymphoid Tumors
4.2.1.6. Other Malignant Tumors
4.2.1.7. Tumor-like Lesions
4.2.2. Depth of Tumor Invasion (pT)
4.2.3. Infiltrative Growth Pattern (INF)
4.2.4. Vascular Invasion (ly／v)
4.2.4.1. Lymphatic Invasion (ly)
4.2.4.2. Venous Invasion (v)
4.2.5. Intramural Metastasis (pIM)
4.2.6. Distance from Surgical Margin
4.2.6.1. Proximal and Distal Margin (pPM, pDM)
4.2.6.2. Radial Margin (pRM)
4.2.7. Multiple Primary Cancers
4.2.8. Others
4.2.9. Pathological Criteria for the Effects of Radiation and／or Chemotherapy
4.3. Lymph Node Metastasis (pN)
4.4. Distant Organ Metastasis (pM)
4.5. Residual Tumor (pR)
4.6. Curativity (pCur)
5. Endoscopic Treatment
5.1. Handling of Specimens Resected Endoscopically
5.2. Macroscopic Findings
5.2.1. Clinical Assessment of the Residual Tumor (R)
5.3. Preparation for Pathological Examination
5.4. Description of Pathological Findings
5.4.1. Pathological Diagnosis
5.4.2. Depth of Tumor Invasion (T)
5.4.3. Resection Margin
5.4.3.1. Horizontal Margin (HM)
5.4.3.2. Vertical Margin (VM)
5.4.3.3. Non-assessable Resection Margin (pRX)
5.4.4. Infiltrative Growth Pattern (INF)
5.4.5. Vascular Invasion (ly／v)
5.4.5.1. Lymphatic Invasion (ly)
5.4.5.2. Venous Invasion (v)
5.4.6. Report of Pathological Findings
5.5. Curativity (Cur)
5.6. Comprehensive Evaluation of Curativity
6. Barrett Esophagus and Adenocarcinoma in Barrett Esophagus
6.1. Definition and Methods of Description for Barrett Mucosa, Barrett Esophagus and Adenocarcinoma in Barrett Esophagus
6.1.1. Definition of the Esophagogastric Junction (EGJ)
6.1.2. Diagnosis of the Esophagogastric Junction (EGJ)
6.1.3. Barrett Mucosa
6.1.4. Barrett Esophagus
6.1.5. Adenocarcinoma in Barrett Esophagus
6.2. Tumor Location
6.3. Description of Tumors
6.3.1. Primary Tumor
6.3.1.1. Circumferential Location
6.3.1.2. Tumor Size
6.3.1.3. Macroscopic Tumor Types
6.3.1.4. Depth of Tumor Invasion (T)
6.3.2. Intramural Metastasis (IM)
6.3.3. Lymph Node Metastasis (N)
6.3.4. Distant Organ Metastasis (M)
6.4. Stage
7. Treatment
7.1. Endoscopic Treatment
7.1.1. Endoscopic Resection (ER)
7.1.1.1. Endoscopic Mucosal Resection (EMR)
7.1.1.2. Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection (ESD)
7.1.2. Other Endoscopic Treatments
7.1.2.1. Argon Plasma Coagulation (APC)
7.1.2.2. Laser Therapy (Laser)
7.1.2.3. Photodynamic Therapy (PDT)
7.1.2.4. Microwave Coagulation Therapy (MCT)
7.1.2.5. Others
7.2. Surgical Treatments
7.2.1. Resection and Reconstruction Procedures
7.2.1.1. Staged Operations
7.2.1.2. Surgery with Multi-modality Treatments
7.2.1.3. Approaches for Tumor Resection
7.2.1.4. Extent of Esophageal Resection
7.2.1.5. Combined Resection
7.2.1.6. Reconstruction
7.2.1.6.1. Reconstruction Routes
7.2.1.6.2. Sites of Anastomosis
7.2.1.6.3. Organs used for Reconstruction
7.2.2. Conservative／Palliative Procedures
7.2.2.1. Stoma
7.2.2.2. Bypass
7.2.2.3. Exploratory Thoracotomy, Exploratory Laparotomy
7.2.2.4. Others
7.3. Stenting
7.3.1. Esophageal Stents
7.3.2. Tracheobronchial Stents
7.3.3. Aortic Stents
7.4. Common Issues for Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy
7.4.1. Disease Status
7.4.2. Aim of Treatment
7.4.3. Reasons for Definitive Radiotherapy
7.5. Radiotherapy (RT)
7.5.1. Initial Clinical Target Volume (CTV)
7.5.2. Methods of Radiotherapy
7.5.3. External Beam Radiotherapy
7.5.3.1. Planning Methods
7.5.3.2. Field Setting
7.5.3.3. Reference Points
7.5.3.4. Dose Calculation
7.5.3.5. Dose Fractionation of External Beam Radiotherapy
7.5.4. Intraluminal Irradiation
7.5.4.1. Reference Points
7.5.4.2. Dose Fractionation of Intraluminal Irradiation
7.5.5. Completion of Treatment
7.6. Chemotherapy (CT)
7.6.1. Agents
7.6.2. Administration Routes
7.6.3. Administration Procedures
7.6.4. Administration Doses
7.6.5. Administration Schedules
7.6.6. Duration of Administration
7.6.7. Total Administration Dose
7.6.8. Reasons for Treatment Cessation
7.6.9. Adverse Events
7.7. Multi-modality Treatment
7.7.1. Combination of Surgery with Chemotherapy and／or Radiotherapy
7.7.2. Chemoradiotherapy (CRT)
7.8. Thermotherapy (TT)
7.9. Immunotherapy (IT)
8. Results of Treatment
8.1. Total Number of Patients
8.2. Multiple Primary Cancers
8.3. Main Treatment and Adjuvant Therapy
8.4. Total Number of Patients Treated, and Number and Ratio of Patients Treated with Each Procedure
8.4.1. Patients Operated
8.4.2. Patients with Endoscopic Treatment
8.4.3. Patients with Chemotherapy and／or Radiotherapy
8.5. Operative Mortality
8.6. Hospital Mortality
8.7. Long-term Outcome
8.7.1. Alive or Dead
8.7.2. Recurrence
8.8. Long-term Outcomes and Prognosis, especially Survival Rate
8.8.1. Analysis of Survival Rates
8.8.2. Period and Rate of Esophageal Preservation
8.9. Terminology related to Survival Period
8.9.1. Survival Time
8.9.2. Overall Survival (OS)
8.9.3. Median Survival Time (MST)
8.9.4. Survival Rate
8.9.5. Progression-free Survival (PFS), Time to Progression (TTP)
8.9.6. Relapse-free Survival (RFS), Recurrence-free Survival (RFS)
8.9.7. Disease-free Survival (DFS)
8.9.8. Time to Treatment Failure (TTF)
8.9.9. Response Duration
8.9.10. Complete Response Duration
Part II Explanations
2.1.2. Tumor Location
2.1.3. Macroscopic Tumor Type
2.1.3.2. Macroscopic Classification
2.1.3.3. Subclassification of Superficial Type
2.2. Metastatic Lesions from Esophageal Cancer
2.2.1. Lymph Node Metastasis
2.2.1.1. Naming and Numbers of Lymph Node Stations
2.2.1.2. Lymph Node Groups
2.4. Multiple Primary Cancers
3.4.3. Lymph Node Dissection
3.4.3.1. Field of Lymph Node Dissection
3.4.3.2. Extent of Lymph Node Dissection (D)
3.7. Curativity (Cur)
4.2.1. Histological Classification
4.2.1.1. Benign Epithelial Neoplasms
4.2.1.2. Intraepithelial Neoplasias
4.2.1.3. Malignant Epithelial Neoplasms
4.2.1.4. Non-epithelial Tumors
4.2.1.5. Lymphoid Tumors
4.2.1.6. Other Malignant Tumors
4.2.2. Depth of Tumor Invasion (pT)
4.2.9. Pathological Criteria for the Effects of Radiation and／or Chemotherapy
4.3. Lymph Node Metastasis (pN)
5.5. Curativity (Cur)
6. Barrett Esophagus, and Adenocarcinoma in Barrett Esophagus
6.1.4. Barrett esophagus
6.1.4.1. Macroscopic Findings
6.1.4.2. Pathological Findings
6.1.5. Adenocarcinoma in Barrett Esophagus
8.8. Long-term Outcomes and Prognosis, especially Survival Rate
8.8.1. Analysis of Survival Rates
Figures of Pathological Findings
Part III Response Evaluation Criteria in Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy for Esophageal Cancer Introduction
1. Subjects
1.1. Classification of Tumor Lesions
1.1.1. Measurable Lesions
1.1.2. Non-measurable Lesions
1.1.3. Target Lesions
1.1.4. Non-target Lesions
2. Methods for Response Evaluation
3. Response Evaluation Criteria for Target Lesions
3.1. Complete Response (CR)
3.2. Partial Response (PR)
3.3. Progressive Disease (PD)
3.4. Stable Disease (SD)
4. Response Evaluation Criteria for Non-target Lesion
4.1. Complete Response (CR)
4.2. Incomplete Response／Stable Disease (IR／SD)
4.3. Progressive Disease (PD)
5. Response Evaluation Criteria for Primary Lesion using Endoscopy
5.1. Complete Response of Primary Lesion (primary lesion CR)
5.2. Incomplete Response／Stable Disease of Primary Lesion (primary lesion IR／SD)
5.3. Progressive Disease of Primary Lesion (primary lesion PD)
6. Overall Response
7. Best Overall Response and Confirmation
7.1. Complete Response (CR)
7.2. Partial Response (PR)
7.3. Stable Disease (SD)
7.4. Progressive Disease (PD)
Index